Worker Protection from Wildfire Smoke in California

California employers impacted by the recent wildfires should review the state’s “Protection from Wildfire Smoke” standard. Employer responsibilities include the following:

1. Monitor Air Quality: Employers must check the Air Quality Index (AQI) for PM2.5 (or or particulate matter 2.5) at the start of shifts and periodically thereafter. They may use official websites (such as U.S. EPA AirNow or the Interagency Wildland Fire Air Quality Response Program), contact air quality agencies, or measure onsite PM2.5 levels.

    2. Communicate Risks: Employers must inform employees about the current AQI, potential wildfire smoke hazards, and available protective measures in a language they understand. Employees must feel encouraged to report worsening conditions or health symptoms.

      3. Provide Training: Workers must receive training on the information in Appendix B.

        4. Use Engineering Controls: When feasible, employers must provide filtered air in enclosed buildings, vehicles, or structures to reduce PM2.5 exposure to an AQI below 151.

          5. Implement Administrative Controls: If engineering controls are insufficient, employers should adjust work practices, such as relocating tasks, modifying schedules, or providing more rest breaks.

            6. Provide Respiratory Protection: Employers must provide NIOSH-approved respirators (e.g., N95 masks) for voluntary use if AQI for PM2.5 is 151–500 and require respirator use when AQI exceeds 500. In emergencies, specific exceptions apply to ensure safety.

              Employers with workplaces and operations must comply with the full standard when both of the following conditions apply:

              • The current AQI for PM2.5 is 151 or greater, regardless of the AQI for other pollutants; and

              • The employer should reasonably anticipate that employees may be exposed to wildfire smoke.

              Click here for more information from the state’s Department of Industrial Relations.

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